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Because of the blood-brain barrier (BBB)and the lack of significant enhancement method for the drug penetration into and retention in brain, effective methods and drugs for the treatment of brain diseases are extremely limited. Ultrasound can effec tively, safely and reversibly open the BBB and thus is an ideal method for the targeted, non-invasive drug entry into the intracranial tis sue, which has been expected to become a new means for treating brain diseases in the near future. Following a brief introduction of some biological characteristics of brain, this review elaborates the mechanisms of the ultrasound combining microbubbles(USMB)for brain targeted drug delivery, including the opening of the tight junction, stimulation of endocytosis, inhibition of multidrug resistance protein expression, enhancement of drug concentration in target area, extension of the residence time, and adjustment of the intersti tial pressure in target tissue. Then, the application of ultrasound in the treatment of some diseases including the Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease(HD), Parkinson's disease(PD), and brain tumors are summarized, and the existing problems in the ul trasound therapy are also discussed, in order to provide a valuable reference for further improvement in the treatment of brain diseases.
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Purpose To investigate the effect of EPCR on the proliferation and migration, and to explore the molecular mechanism of EPCR affecting the tumor growth and metastasis in human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Methods MCF-7 cell was transfected with EPCR siRNA and treated with anti-PAR-1 antibody. Then CCK-8 assay was performed to determine the proliferation of MCF-7 cell. Transwell migration assay was employed to determine the cell's migration. Cell-ELISA was used to detect the activation of PAR-1 on the membranes of MCF-7. Result After EPCR siRNA transfection, the proliferation and migration ability of the MCF-7 in the interference of EPCR gene group was significantly decreased compared with the negative control and untreated control group. After treated with anti-PAR-1 antibody, the proliferation and migration of ability of MCF-7 were decreased significantly compared with the negative control group and the untreated control group. Cell-ELISA assay indicated that the activation of PAR-1 in the cells surface of MCF-7 cell in the EPCR gene interference group was mitigated versus the negative control and untreated control group. Conclusion EPCR may promote the proliferation and migration of MCF-7 cell by activating PAR-1.
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Objective To investigate the serum of patients with postpartum thyroiditis(Postpartum thyroiditis,PPT)in the serum of patients with interleukin 6(IL-6)and interferon gamma(IFN-γ)tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α)and anti thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPO-Ab)the clinical significance of detecting content.Methods 34 cases of postpartum thyroiditis were selected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University from September 2013 to August 2015.They were treated as the observation group,and selected 34 subjects for health check in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical College at the time as control group.Early in the morning,they all were taken 2 tube of verous blood on an emptystomach and separated serum.Serum IL-6,INF-γ,TNF-α and TPO-Ab of the goups were detected with RATA and antibody sand-wich ELISA,and the differences were compared between the two groups.Results Compared to healthy subjects of 3 kinds of cytokines and antibody levels in the blood of patients with PPT,the data were significantly higher and the difference was statistically significant(t=-98.154,-63.627,-94.090,P<0.05).The content correlated positively with the content of TPO-Ab between the 3 kinds of cytokines in blood of PPT patients(RIL-6=0.852,RTNF-α=0.658.RIFN-γ=0.836).Conclusion Postpartum inflammatory factors and immune factors in the blood of patients with thyroiditis in secretion increased signifi-cantly,the content of TPO-Ab and the 3 factor was positively related to the pathogenesis of PPT,concluded that the 3 kinds of inflammatory factors are involved,so it can be used as basis for diagnosis of patients with PPT,and can provide reference for effective treatment.
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Studies examining the association of hemochromatosis (HFE) gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to alcoholic liver disease (ALD) yielded inconsistent results. Thus, we performed a metaanalysis to investigate whether the variations in HFE gene increase the risk of ALD. The studies published up to Feb. 2014 were identified by searching PubMed/MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, EMBASE and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases, which was complemented by screening the references of the retrieved studies. For all genotypes and alleles, the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) according to the heterogeneity were pooled using fixed-effect model. Sixteen studies with 1933 cases and 9874 controls were included for this meta-analysis. C282Y/C282Y, C282Y/wild type, H63D/wild type and C282Y/H63D were found not to be associated with susceptibility to ALD, but increased risk of H63D/H63D (OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.05-2.22, P=0.029) was observed for ALD when compared to total control. Comparison of ALD patients with alcoholics without liver damage revealed a significant association of D allele, as well as a marginal association of H63D/wild type with ALD, while H63D/H63D was not significantly associated with ALD although increased value of OR was obtained. The presence of Y allele and other genotypes yielded insignificant findings when ALD patients were compared with alcoholics without liver damage. No evident publication bias or significant heterogeneity among studies was detected in this meta-analysis. In conclusion, our metaanalysis showed a marginal higher prevalence of H63D variant in ALD but did not support an increased risk of C282Y mutation.
Subject(s)
Humans , Alleles , Genetic Association Studies , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Genotype , Hemochromatosis Protein , Genetics , Liver Diseases, Alcoholic , Genetics , Pathology , Mutation , Polymorphism, Single NucleotideABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze the chemical constituent changes of Aconiti Cocta Radix (ACR) before and after combination with Trichosanthes Fructus (TF) in different ratios and to provide the material bases for the incombination. Methods: The rapid resolution liquid chromatography with quadrupole and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (RRLC-QTOF/MS) was used to analyze the extract solution from ACR and TF combination. The chromatographic separation was achieved on an Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) with 0.1% formic acid water solution-0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile solution as mobile phase for gradient elution. Mass Hunter Workstation and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were utilized for the identification of components and chemical biomarkers. Peak-area ratio of the analyte/internal standard was used to represent the contents of the variance analysis. The amounts of chemical markers were indicated by the ratio of compound and internal standard peak area. Results: By an overall analysis of RRLC-QTOF/MS, a total of 65 compounds were detected in the extracts from ACR in combination with TF, including 57 compounds with confirmed structures and 15 compounds with significant differences before and after combination, and the relative dissolution rates were affected by the changes of the combination ratios. Conclusion: The sensitive and accurate RRLC-QTOF/MS method could fully reflect the chemical constituent changes of ACR before and after combination with TF. On the basis of in vitro chemical constituent and contents, it is still unclear whether the combination of ACR and TF should be prohibited, which requires further in vivo investigation.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate mesenteric vascular anatomy using 256 multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) before laparoscopic colorectal surgery.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eleven patients with colorectal cancer underwent 256 MSCT from February 2010 to December 2010. The evaluation items were visualization of mesenteric artery and vein by 3-dimensional CT angiography, which was compared with findings on laparoscopic surgery.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Three-dimensional CT angiography correctly demonstrated variations of the mesenteric artery and vein and were consistent with laparoscopic findings. Of the 3 patients undergoing right hemicolectomy, ileocolic artery (ICA) ran ventrally to the superior mesenteric vein(SMV) in 1 patient, whereas ICA ran dorsally to the SMV in 2 patients; the right colic artery (RCA) branched directly from superior mesenteric artery(SMA) in 2 patients; RCA was absent and the left branch of middle colic artery(MCA) fed the tumor in 1 patient. In the patients who had transverse colon resection, MCA branched from SMA. In 2 of 3 patients who underwent sigmoidectomy, sigmoid artery (SA) branched from left colic artery(LCA); in 1 of 3 patients of sigmoid resection, SA branched from inferior mesenteric artery(IMA). In 4 patients with rectal cancer, the superior rectal artery (SRA) fed the tumor.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The 256 MSCT is effective for evaluating mesenteric vascular anatomy variation before laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer.</p>
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Angiography , Methods , Colorectal Neoplasms , Diagnostic Imaging , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Laparoscopy , Mesenteric Arteries , Diagnostic Imaging , Mesenteric Veins , Diagnostic Imaging , Mesentery , Tomography, Spiral ComputedABSTRACT
Puff-balls is a very distinctive macro-fungi in biodiversity.It is used to be a styptic,repellent and alexipharmic in China.This paper simply summarizes the puffball′s taxonomy in the fungi and its distribution in the world; and emphasizes on its composition,food uses,medical uses,herbalism studies and progress of researches on clinical applications.And it points out the patent prospect and current problems of the puff-balls.